A student writes: Hi Professor In question 3 of problem 3 can we assume that the alternative organizations for state 18 also affect state 19? Otherwise, ... <> Thanks <> Yes, you can assume that state 19 does whatever we are specifying in state 18 in this problem. That is a good insight that if 18 and 19 are not the same, some scurrilous behavior sneaks in. Yale Patt