Nur A. Touba - Publications
Journals
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Relationship Between Entropy and Test Data Compression",
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 386-395, Feb. 2007.
- J. Lee and N.A. Touba,
"LFSR Reseeding Scheme Achieving Low Power Dissipation During Test",
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 396-401, Feb 2007.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Improving Linear Test Data Decompression",
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
Vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 1227-1237, Nov. 2006.
- N.A. Touba,
"Survey of Test Vector Compression Techniques",
IEEE Design & Test Magazine,
Vol. 23, Issue 4, pp. 294-303, Jul. 2006
- E. MacDonald and N.A. Touba,
"Delay Testing of Partially Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator
(PD-SOI) Circuits",
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 587-595, Jun. 2006.
- S. Ghosh, S. Basu , and N.A. Touba,
"Selecting Error Correcting Codes to Minimize Power in Memory
Checker Circuits",
Journal of Low Power Electronics,
Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 63-72, Apr. 2005.
- A. Jas, C.V. Krishna, and N.A. Touba,
"Weighted Pseudo-Random Hybrid BIST",
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 1277-1283, Dec. 2004.
- K. Mohanram and N.A. Touba,
"Lowering Power Consumption in Concurrent Checkers via Input
Ordering",
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 1234-1243, Nov. 2004.
- C.V Krishna, A. Jas, and N.A. Touba,
"Achieving High Encoding Efficiency with Partial Dynamic Reseeding",
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems,
Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp. 500-516, Oct. 2004.
- A. Jas, B. Pouya, and N.A. Touba,
"Test Data Compression Technique for Embedded Cores Using Virtual
Scan Chains",
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 775-780, Jul. 2004.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Matrix-Based Software Test Data Decompression for Systems-on-a-Chip",
Journal of Systems Architecture,
Vol. 50, Issue 5, pp. 247-256, Apr. 2004.
- L. Li, K. Chakrabarty, and N.A. Touba,
"Test Data Compression using Dictionaries with Selective Entries and
Fixed-Length Indices",
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems,
Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 470-490, Oct. 2003.
- A. Jas, J. Ghosh-Dastidar, M.-E. Eng, and N.A. Touba,
"An Efficient Test Vector Compression Scheme Using Selective
Huffman Coding",
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 797-806, Jun. 2003.
- N.A. Touba,
"Circular BIST With State Skipping",
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 668-672, Oct. 2002.
- A. Jas and N.A. Touba,
"Deterministic Test Vector Compression/Decompression for
Systems-on-a-Chip Using an Embedded Processor",
Journal on Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (JETTA),
Vol. 18, Issue 4/5, pp. 503-514, Aug. 2002.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Bit-Fixing in Pseudo-Random Sequences for Scan BIST",
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 545-555, Apr. 2001.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"RP-SYN: Synthesis of Random-Pattern Testable Circuits with Test
Point Insertion",
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 1202-1213, Aug. 1999.
- D. Das and N.A. Touba,
"Synthesis of Circuits with Low-Cost Concurrent Error Detection
Based on Bose-Lin Codes",
Journal on Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (JETTA),
Vol. 15, Issue 1/2, pp. 145-155, Aug. 1999.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Logic Synthesis of Multilevel Circuits with Concurrent Error Detection",
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 783-789, Jul. 1997.
- N.A. Touba and B. Pouya,
"Using Partial Isolation Rings to Test Core-Based Designs",
IEEE Design & Test Magazine,
Vol. 14, Issue 4, pp. 52-59, Oct. 1997.
Refereed Conferences
2009
- J.-S. Yang, N.A. Touba, and B. Nadeau-Dostie,
"Reducing Test Point Area for BIST through Greater Use of
Functional Flip-Flops to Drive Control Points",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
2009.
- J.-S. Yang, N.A. Touba, S.-Y. Yang, and T.M. Mak,
"Industrial Case Study for X-Canceling MISR",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
2009.
- J.-S. Yang, B. Nadeau-Dostie, and N.A. Touba,
"Reducing Test Point Area for BIST through Greater Use of
Functional Flip-Flops to Drive Control Points",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
2009.
- M. Rab, A. Bawa, and N.A. Touba,
"Improving Memory Repair by Selective Row Partitioning",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
2009.
- J.-S. Yang and N.A. Touba,
"Automated Selection of Signals to Observe for Efficient Silicon
Debug"
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 79-84, 2009.
- R. Datta and N.A. Touba,
"Exploiting Unused Spare Columns to Improve Memory ECC"
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 47-52, 2009.
2008
- J.-S. Yang and N.A. Touba,
"Enhancing Silicon Debug via Periodic Monitoring",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 125-133, 2008.
(Received Best Paper Award)
- R. Garg, R. Putman, and N.A. Touba
"Increasing Output Compaction in Presence of Unknowns Using an
X-Canceling MISR with Deterministic Observation",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 35-42, 2008.
- J.-S. Yang and N.A. Touba
"Expanding Trace Buffer Observation Window for In-System Silicon Debug
through Selective Capture",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 345-351, 2008.
2007
- N.A. Touba,
"X-Canceling MISR - An X-Tolerant Methodology for Compacting
Output Responses with Unknowns Using a MISR",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
Paper 6.2, 2007.
(Listed among top ten best papers)
- A. Dutta and N.A. Touba,
"Reliable Network-on-Chip Using a Low Cost Unequal Error
Protection Code",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 3-11, 2007.
- A. Dutta and N.A. Touba
"Multiple Bit Upset Tolerant Memory Using a Selective Cycle
Avoidance Based SEC-DED-DAEC Code",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 349-354, 2007.
- R. Putman and N.A. Touba,
"Using Multiple Expansion Ratios and Dependency Analysis to
Improve Test Compression",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 211-216, 2007.
2006
- A. Dutta and N.A. Touba,
"Using Limited Dependence Sequential Expansion for Decompressing
Test Vectors",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
Paper 23.1, 2006.
- J. Lee and N.A. Touba,
"Efficiently Utilizing ATE Vector Repeat for Compression by Scan
Vector Decomposition",
Proc. of IEEE Asian Test Symposium,
pp. 237-244, 2006.
- A. Dutta and N.A. Touba,
"Synthesis of Efficient Linear Test Pattern Generators",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 206-214, 2006.
- J. Lee and N.A. Touba,
"Combining Linear and Nonlinear Test Vector Compression Using
Correlation-Based Rectangular Encoding",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 252-257, 2006.
- A. Dutta and N.A. Touba
"Iterative OPDD Based Signal Probability Calculation",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 72-77, 2006.
2005
- K.J. Balakrishnan, N.A. Touba, S. Patil,
"Compressing Functional Tests for Microprocessors",
Proc. of IEEE Asian Test Symposium,
pp. 428-433, 2005.
- A. Dutta and N.A. Touba
"Synthesis of Non-Intrusive Concurrent Error Detection Using an
Even Error Detecting Function",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 1059-1066, 2005.
- S.I. Ward, C. Schattauer, and N.A. Touba,
"Using Statistical Transformations to Improve Compression for
Linear Decompressors",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 42-50, 2005.
- J. Lee and N.A. Touba,
"Low Power BIST Based on Scan Partitioning",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 33-41, 2005.
- A. Dutta, T. Rodrigues, and N.A. Touba,
"Low Cost Test Vector Compression/Decompression Scheme for
Circuits with a Reconfigurable Serial Multiplier",
Proc. of IEEE Annual Symposium on VLSI,
pp. 200-205, Vol. 2, 2005.
- S. Ghosh, S. Basu, and N.A. Touba,
"Synthesis of Low Power CED Circuits based on Parity Codes",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 315-320, 2005.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Reconfigurable Linear Decompressors using Symbolic Gaussian
Elimination",
Proc. of IEEE Design, Automation and Test in Europe,
pp. 1130-1135, Vol. 2, 2005.
2004
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Improving Encoding Efficiency for Linear Decompressors Using
Scan Inversion",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 936-943, 2004.
- S. Ghosh, S. Basu, and N.A. Touba,
"Reducing Power Consumption in Memory ECC Checkers",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 1322-1331, 2004.
- J. Lee and N.A. Touba,
"Low Power Test Data Compression Based on LFSR Reseeding",
Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Design,
pp. 180-185, 2004.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Relating Entropy Theory to Test Data Compression",
Proc. of IEEE European Test Symposium,
pp. 94-99, 2004.
- S. Ghosh, E. MacDonald, S. Basu, and N. A. Touba,
"Low-Power Weighted Pseudo-Random BIST Using Special Scan Cells",
Proc. of the ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI,
pp. 86-91, 2004.
- C.V. Krishna and N.A. Touba,
"3-Stage Variable Length Continuous-Flow Scan Vector
Decompression Scheme",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 79-86, 2004.
2003
- C.V. Krishna and N.A. Touba,
"Adjustable Width Linear Combinational Scan Vector Decompression",
Proc. of ACM/IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided
Design (ICCAD),
pp. 863-866, 2003.
- K. Mohanram and N.A. Touba,
"Partial Error Masking to Reduce Soft Error Failure Rate in Logic
Circuits",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 433-440, 2003.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Scan-Based BIST Diagnosis Using an Embedded Processor",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 209-216, 2003.
- C.V. Krishna and N.A. Touba,
"Hybrid BIST Using an Incrementally Guided LFSR",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 217-224, 2003.
- K. Mohanram and N.A. Touba,
"Cost-Effective Approach for Reducing Soft Error Failure Rate in
Logic Circuits",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 893-901, 2003.
- K. Mohanram, E.S. Sogomonyan, M. Goessel, and N.A. Touba,
"Synthesis of Low-Cost Parity-Based Partially Self-Checking Circuits",
Proc. of International On-Line Test Symposium,
pp. 35-40, 2003.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Deterministic Test Vector Decompression in Software Using Linear
Operations",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 225-231, 2003.
- K. Mohanram and N.A. Touba,
"Eliminating Non-Determinism During Test of High-Speed Source
Synchronous Differential Buses",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 121-127, 2003.
- S.Ghosh, S.Basu, and N.A. Touba,
"Joint Minimization of Power and Area in Scan Testing by Scan
Cell Reordering",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on VLSI,
pp. 246-249, 2003.
2002
- K. Mohanram and N.A. Touba,
"Input Ordering in Concurrent Checkers to Reduce Power Consumption",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 87-95, 2002.
- K.J. Balakrishnan and N.A. Touba,
"Matrix-Based Test Vector Decompression Using an Embedded Processor",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 159-165, 2002.
- R. Sankaralingam and N.A. Touba,
"Inserting Test Points to Control Peak Power During Scan Testing",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 138-146, 2002.
- C.V. Krishna and N.A. Touba,
"Reducing Test Data Volume Using LFSR Reseeding with Seed
Compression",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 321-330, 2002.
- R. Sankaralingam and N.A. Touba,
"Controlling Peak Power During Scan Testing",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 153-159, 2002.
- E. MacDonald and N.A. Touba,
"Very Low Voltage Testing of SOI Integrated Circuits",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 25-30, 2002.
- K. Mohanram, C.V. Krishna, and N.A. Touba
"A Methodology for Automated Insertion of Concurrent Error
Detection Hardware in Synthesizable Verilog RTL",
Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
pp. 577-580, 2002.
2001
- C.V. Krishna, A. Jas, and N.A. Touba,
"Test Vector Encoding Using Partial LFSR Reseeding",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 885-893, 2001.
- J. Ghosh-Dastidar and N.A. Touba,
"Improving Diagnostic Resolution of Delay Faults in FPGAs by
Exploiting Reconfigurability",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 215-220, 2001.
- A. Jas, C.V. Krishna, and N.A. Touba,
"Hybrid BIST Based on Weighted Pseudo-Random Testing: A New Test
Resource Partitioning Scheme",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 2-8, 2001.
(Received Best Paper Award)
- R. Sankaralingam, B. Pouya, and N.A. Touba,
"Reducing Power Dissipation During Test Using Scan Chain Disable",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 319-324, 2001.
2000
- E. MacDonald and N.A. Touba,
"Testing Domino Circuits in SOI Technology",
Proc. of IEEE Asian Test Symposium,
pp. 441-446, 2000.
- D. Das and N.A. Touba,
"Reducing Test Data Volume Using External/LBIST Hybrid Test Patterns",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 115-122, 2000.
- J. Ghosh-Dastidar and N.A. Touba,
"Diagnosing Resistive Bridges Using Adaptive Techniques",
Proc. of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,
pp. 79-82, 2000.
- A. Jas, B. Pouya, and N.A. Touba,
"Virtual Scan Chains: A Means for Reducing Scan Length in Cores",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 73-78, 2000.
- J. Ghosh-Dastidar and N.A. Touba,
"A Rapid and Scalable Diagnosis Scheme for BIST Environments with
a Large Number of Scan Chains",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 79-85, 2000.
- R. Sankaralingam, R.R. Oruganti, and N.A. Touba,
"Static Compaction Techniques to Control Scan Vector Power
Dissipation",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 35-40, 2000.
1999
- A. Jas, K. Mohanram and N.A. Touba,
"An Embedded Core DFT Scheme to Obtain Highly Compressed Test Sets",
Proc. of IEEE Asian Test Symposium,
pp. 275-280, 1999.
- A. Jas and N.A. Touba,
"Using an Embedded Processor for Efficient Deterministic Testing
of Systems-on-a-Chip",
Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD),
pp. 418-423, 1999.
- J. Ghosh-Dastidar, D. Das, and N.A. Touba,
"Diagnosis in Scan-Based BIST Using Both Time and Space Information",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 95-102, 1999.
(Received Best Student Paper Award)
- E. MacDonald and N.A. Touba,
"Delay Testing of SOI Circuits: Challenges with the History Effect",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 269-275, 1999.
- A. Jas, J. Ghosh-Dastidar, and N.A. Touba,
"Scan Vector Compression/Decompression Using Statistical Coding",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 114-120, 1999.
- J. Ghosh-Dastidar and N.A. Touba,
"Adaptive Techniques for Improving Delay Fault Diagnosis",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 168-172, 1999.
- D. Das and N.A. Touba,
"Weight-Based Codes and Their Application to Concurrent Error
Detection of Multilevel Circuits",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 370-376, 1999.
- P.K. Jaini and N.A. Touba,
"Observing Test Response of Embedded Cores through Surrounding Logic",
Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
pp. 119-123, 1999.
- W. Quddus, A. Jas, and N.A. Touba,
"Configuration Self-Test in FPGA-Based Reconfigurable Systems",
Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
pp. 97-100, 1999.
- D. Das and N.A. Touba,
"A Low Cost Approach for Detecting, Locating, and Avoiding
Interconnet Faults in FPGA-Based Reconfigurable Systems",
Proc. of IEEE International Conference on VLSI Design,
pp. 266-269, 1999.
1998
- M. Karkala, N.A. Touba, and H.-J. Wunderlich,
"Special ATPG to Correlate Test Patterns for Low Overhead
Mixed-Mode BIST",
Proc. of IEEE Asian Test Symposium,
pp. 492-499, 1998.
- J. Ghosh-Dastidar and N.A. Touba,
"A Systematic Approach for Diagnosing Multiple Delay Faults",
Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance,
pp. 211-216, 1998.
- A. Jas and N.A. Touba,
"Test Vector Decompression Via Cyclical Scan Chains and Its
Application to Testing Core-Based Designs",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 458-464, 1998.
- Z. Zhao, B. Pouya, and N.A. Touba,
"BETSY: Synthesizing Circuits for a Specified BIST Environment",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 144-153, 1998.
- B. Pouya and N.A. Touba,
"Synthesis of Zero-Aliasing Elementary-Tree Space Compactors",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 70-77, 1998.
- D. Das and N.A. Touba,
"Synthesis of Circuits with Low-Cost Concurrent Error Detection
Based on Bose-Lin Codes",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 309-315, 1998.
1997
- B. Pouya and N.A. Touba,
"Modifying User-Defined Logic for Test Access to Embedded Cores",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 60-68, 1997.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Pseudo-Random Pattern Testing of Bridging Faults ",
Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD),
pp. 54-60, 1997.
- N.A. Touba and B. Pouya,
"Testing Embedded Cores Using Partial Isolation Rings",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 10-16, 1997.
- N.A. Touba,
"Obtaining High Fault Coverage with Circular BIST Via State Skipping",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 410-415, 1997.
1996
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Altering a Pseudo-Random Sequence of Bits for Scan-Based BIST",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 167-175, 1996.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Test Point Insertion Based on Path Tracing",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 2-8, 1996.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Applying Two-Pattern Tests Using Scan-Mapping",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 393-397, 1996.
1995
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Synthesis of Mapping Logic for Generating Transformed
Pseudo-Random Patterns for BIST",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 674-682, 1995.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Transformed Pseudo-Random Patterns for BIST",
Proc. of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium,
pp. 410-416, 1995.
1994
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Logic Synthesis Techniques for Reduced Area Implementation of
Multilevel Circuits with Concurrent Error Detection",
Proc. of ACM/IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided
Design (ICCAD),
pp. 651-654, 1994.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Automated Synthesis of Random Pattern Testable Circuits",
Proc. of IEEE International Test Conference,
pp. 174-183, 1994.
Technical Reports
- S.Ghosh, S.Basu, and N.A. Touba,
"Joint Minimization of Power and Area in Scan Testing by Scan
Cell Reordering",
Technical Report UT-CERC-TR-NAT02-1,
Computer Engineering Research Center, University of Texas-Austin, 2002.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Ph.D. Thesis - Synthesis Techniques for Pseudo-Random Built-In Self-Test",
Technical Report 96-4,
Center for Reliable Computing, Stanford University, Aug. 1996.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Test Point Insertion for Non-Feedback Bridging Faults",
Technical Report 96-3,
Center for Reliable Computing, Stanford University, Aug. 1996.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Transformed Pseudo-Random Patterns for BIST",
Technical Report 94-10,
Center for Reliable Computing, Stanford University, Oct. 1994.
- N.A. Touba and E.J. McCluskey,
"Logic Synthesis for Concurrent Error Detection",
Technical Report 93-6,
Center for Reliable Computing, Stanford University, Nov. 1993.
- R. Pan, N.A. Touba, and E.J. McCluskey,
"The Effect of Fault Dropping on Fault Simulation Time",
Technical Report 93-5,
Center for Reliable Computing, Stanford University, Nov. 1993.
- N.A. Touba,
"Reducing Synchronization in Concurrent Processes",
Technical Report 92-3,
Center for Reliable Computing, Stanford University, Feb. 1992.
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