have been up all night answering email. So, there were a lot of mesasges that came in while I was away. Guess being out of email contact for three days is not a good idea. This one I thought you might enjoy: Dear Dr. Patt, In your book Intro to Computing Systems, I am confused as to what the IN statment means on the 5th line of the assembly code. And the BRz on the next line, would it go back to the previous line provided that the condition code was set to 0? Thanks a lot, <> He only left out one detail that I needed to answer his question. Yale Patt