Instruction registers operands load/store machine literal/immediate data steering bit operate instructions data movement instructions control instructions Bus trap vector condition codes Indirect/pointer oscillator opcode source register destination register 3-address PC MAR IR Register file operating system sequential iterative conditional condition codes trap branch load store load indirect tri-state gating the bus structural programming Stepwise refinement Systematic Decomposition Control characters Initialization Linker Executable image Pointer assembler label Reserved run time error assemble time error .orig .end .fill .blkw linker pseudo-op two pass symbol table assembly time error offset memory-mapped IO keyboard status register (KBSR) keyboard data register (KBDR) ready bit polling display data register (DDR) display status register (DSR) address control logic interrupt interrupt enable bit I/O instruction direct memory access (DMA) spin interrupt driven I/O Callee Caller Boot Trap Routine JMP trap vector table trap instruction return address .stringz