You must do every programming assignment by yourself. You are permitted to get help ONLY from the TAs and Dr. Patt. When you have completed the program, and tested it sufficiently so that you are comfortable that it works on any input (i.e., the value initially stored in location x3050), submit it for grading according to the submission instructions at the end of this handout.

Programming Assignment 1: Determine whether a number is a power of 2 or not.

Your Job: In this assignment, you are asked to write a program in LC-3 machine language that checks a positive 2's complement number to determine if it is a power of 2. The number is stored in memory location x3050. If the number is a power of 2, your program should store x0001 in memory location x3051. If the number is not a power of 2, your program should store x0000 in memory location x3051. Your program should start at memory location x3000, and should halt the machine after storing the output.

Hint 1: What is unique about the binary representations of powers of 2?

Hint 2: What happens when you add a number to itself? For example 00110111 + 00110111 = 01101110.

Hint 3: How can you check if bit 15 of a register is 0 or 1?

Hint 4: How can you use the knowledge from hints 2 and 3 to check if bit 9 of a register is 0 or 1? (hint added- 10/03/17)

Hint 5: Familiarize yourself with the software and documentation, and the submission instructions well before the deadline so that you can get help from a TA if you cannot figure out the mechanics by yourself. It is unreasonable to expect Professor Patt or a TA to help you submit your program at 11:45pm on the day the program is due simply because you left this for the last minute, and have discovered that you do not know how to do it by yourself.

Simulator/Testing Hint: You can test your program by setting the value of memory location x3050 before you run your program on the LC-3 simulator. On Windows machines, you can click on "Simulate" on the menubar and select "Set Value". You can also just press F4 and the "Set Value" dialog box will pop up. Finally, double-clicking on the contents of a memory location will also cause the "Set Value" dialog box to pop up.

Make sure you set a breakpoint before you run your program so that your program will stop just before it executes the TRAP instruction. This will allow you to examine the content of the location x3050 after your program has finished executing, but before control is turned over to the operating system to halt your program.

• Write your program: Type your program in the LC3Edit text editor. Your program file needs to be in plain text format. The first line of your program must specify the memory address of the first instruction of your program. For this assignment, you should place your program starting at x3000 (i.e., the first line of your program should contain the bit pattern 0011000000000000). Each subsequent line of your program will consist of 16 consecutive 0s and 1s corresponding to the bits of that instruction. For example, you would represent the instruction to add the contents of R1 to the contents of R2 and put the result in R0 by: 0001000001000010. A program represented in this way is called a .bin file.
• Test your program: First convert your .bin file to an .obj file (Read Lc-3 Simulator Manual Page 3). Then load the .obj file into the LC-3 Simulator and test thoroughly by running it with multiple different input values. Read the Software and Documentation section for more help on how to use the simulator. In the real world, writing a program is never finished until the program has been thoroughly tested on lots of different input data. In fact, thorough testing separates the serious programmers from the dilettantes. Thorough testing means using odd-ball data (we call them "corner cases"), not just straightforward data.
• Submit your program: Please name your submission file pow2.bin. Submit the pow2.bin file to Canvas under "Programming Lab 1". (edited on 10/04/17)
Note: We understand that to test your program, you must first create a .obj file. The .obj file is not to be submitted for grading. We will create a .obj file from your .bin file when we grade your program.