References

A review of both US and non-US literature related to wind farm interference on electromagnetic and acoustic systems was conducted in 2012. For electromagnetic systems, the literature was grouped into the following areas: marine navigation, air traffic control, weather and ocean monitoring, air defense and long-range surveillance, communications systems, and mitigation techniques. The focus was placed on studies done for the marine environment, although past land-based wind farm studies were also included for completeness. Also, emphasis was placed on more recent studies. For underwater acoustic systems, the literature was grouped into the following areas: noise measurements, impact on marine mammals, impact on fish/fisheries, and mitigation techniques. For further reference information, please contact Prof. Hao Ling.

Electromagnetic Systems

1. Marine Navigation

2. Air Traffic Control

3. Weather and Ocean Monitoring

4. Air Defense and Long-Range Surveillance

5. Communications Systems

6. Mitigation Techniques

Marine Acoustic Systems

1. Noise Measurements

2. Impact on Marine Mammals

3. Impact on Fish/Fisheries

4. Mitigation Techniques